As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2025

Registration No. 333-         

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Modular Medical, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

10740 Thornmint Road

San Diego, California 92127

(858) 800-3500

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

James Besser

Chief Executive Officer

Modular Medical, Inc.

10740 Thornmint Road

San Diego, California 92127

(858) 800-3500

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Lawrence Metelitsa, Esq.

Lucosky Brookman LLP

101 Wood Avenue South, 5th Floor

Iselin, NJ 08830

(732) 395-4400

APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective on filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This registration statement contains a resale prospectus to be used for the resale by the selling stockholders, pursuant to General Instruction I.B.3 to Form S-3, of up to 20,398,891 shares of our Common Stock held by the selling stockholders and issuable upon the exercise of Common Stock purchase warrants held by such selling stockholders.

We intend for the offering and sale of shares pursuant to this prospectus to be a secondary offering of our shares in accordance with General Instruction I.B.3 of Form S-3, which allows outstanding securities to be offered for the account of any person other than the registrant.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated April 25, 2025

PROSPECTUS

Modular Medical, Inc.

20,398,891 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the resale, from time to time, of up to 20,398,891 shares (the “Shares”) of our Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus under “Selling Stockholders” (the “Offering”) pursuant to: (a) Securities Purchase Agreements dated March 20, 2025 (the “Purchase Agreement”) with several purchasers (the “Purchasers”), whereby we issued to the Purchasers (i) 12,495,312 shares of Common Stock and (ii) warrants (the “PIPE Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,247,656 shares of our Common Stock; (b) a Subscription Agreement dated March 20, 2025, whereby we issued to the investor (the “Investor,” and, collectively with the Purchasers, the “Selling Stockholders”) (i) 520,834 shares of Common Stock and (ii) warrants (the “Subscription Warrants,” and, collectively with the PIPE Warrants, the “Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 260,417 shares of our Common Stock; and (c) Placement Agent Warrants (“Placement Agent Warrants”) whereby we issued to the Selling Stockholders Placement Agent Warrants exercisable for 874,672 shares of our Common Stock.

We are not selling any shares of our Common Stock under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Shares. We would, however, receive proceeds from any warrants that are exercised through the payment of the exercise price in cash of such warrants, in a maximum amount of up to approximately $7,289,042. The Selling Stockholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sale of the Shares. We will bear all costs, expenses, and fees in connection with the registration of the Shares.

No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.

INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE THE “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE 6  OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONCERNING FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES.

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “MODD.” On April 24, 2025, the last reported sale price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq was $0.94 per share.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is        , 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You should read this prospectus and the information and documents incorporated by reference carefully. Such documents contain important information you should consider when making your investment decision. See “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” in this prospectus.

This prospectus may be supplemented from time to time to add, update, or change information in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in a prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You may only rely on the information contained in this prospectus or that we have referred you to. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus and any future prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful. Neither the delivery of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement nor any sale made hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since the date of this prospectus or such prospectus supplement or that the information contained by reference to this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is correct as of any time after its date.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed, or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

The Selling Stockholders are offering the Shares only in jurisdictions where such offer is permitted. The distribution of this prospectus and the sale of the Shares in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the distribution of this prospectus and the sale of the Shares outside the United States. This prospectus does not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, the Shares by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the prospectus supplement. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate as of the date on its respective cover, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since those dates.

When we refer to “we,” “our,” “us,” and the “Company” in this prospectus, we mean Modular Medical, Inc., unless otherwise specified. When we refer to “you,” we mean the holders of the applicable series of securities. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each calendar year. Each reference to a fiscal year in this prospectus refers to the fiscal year ended or ending March 31 of the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2026 refers to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026).

SPECIAL NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain or may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements contain information about our expectations, beliefs, or intentions regarding future events, our future financial performance, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects, and other similar matters. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions about future events, which are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. These statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “may,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “should,” “intends,” “estimates,” and other words of similar meaning.

These statements relate to future events or our future operational or financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, in any related prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus.

Any forward-looking statement in this prospectus, in any related prospectus supplement, and in any related free writing prospectus reflects our current view with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties, and assumptions relating to our business, results of operations, industry, and future growth. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance. You should read this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement, and any related free writing prospectus and the documents that we reference herein and therein and have filed as exhibits hereto and thereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

This prospectus, any related prospectus supplement, and any related free writing prospectus also contain or may contain estimates, projections, and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for our products, including data regarding the estimated size of those markets and their projected growth rates. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained these industry, business, market and other data from reports, research surveys, studies, and similar data prepared by third parties, industry and general publications, government data, and similar sources. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which these data are derived.

RISK FACTORS

Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K we file after the date of this prospectus, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in the applicable prospectus supplement before acquiring any of such securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.

A sale of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders could cause the price of our Common Stock to decline.

The shares of Common Stock covered by this prospectus represent a large number of shares of our Common Stock, and, following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, such shares of Common Stock may be sold by the Selling Stockholders in the public market without restriction. If the Selling Stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell for various reasons, substantial amounts of the shares of Common Stock in the public market, the price of our Common Stock may decline. Additionally, such conditions may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We are not selling any securities in this prospectus. All proceeds from the resale of the shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus will belong to the Selling Stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale of the shares of our Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders. We may receive proceeds from future cash exercises of the Warrants, which, if exercised in cash at the current exercise price with respect to all 6,508,073 shares of Common Stock, would result in gross proceeds of approximately $7,289,042 to us.

PRIVATE PLACEMENT AND CONCURRENT DIRECT PLACEMENT

Private Placement

On March 20, 2025, we entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (the “Purchase Agreements”) with investors (the “Investors”) for the private placement (the “Private Placement”) of 6,247,656 units (each a “Unit”), with each Unit consisting of (A) two shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), and (B) one warrant (a “Warrant”) to purchase one share of Common Stock, at an offering price of $1.92 per Unit. Certain affiliates, officers and directors of ours purchased a total of 374,478 Units in the Private Placement. The Common Stock and the Warrants included in the Units and the Common Stock underlying the Warrants are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.” The Private Placement closed on March 26, 2025 with aggregate gross proceeds totaling approximately $12 million to us, before deducting placement agent fees and other expenses. We intend to use the proceeds from the Private Placement for general corporate and working capital purposes and supply-chain optimization and margin improvement on its MODD1 product in preparation for broad commercial availability and preparing the submission to the FDA of a tubeless version of the MODD1 product, which we currently believe we will submit to the FDA in the second quarter of fiscal 2026, along with ongoing work to obtain the CE mark required for overseas markets.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $1.12 per share. Each Warrant is exercisable immediately and will expire four years from the date of issuance. The exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Common Stock and the exercise price. Subject to limited exceptions, an Investor may not exercise any portion of its warrants to the extent that the Investor would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder prior to the date of issuance, 9.99%) of the outstanding Common Stock after exercise. In the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holder of the Warrants will have the right to receive the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Warrants) of its Warrants calculated pursuant to a formula set forth in the Warrants, payable in cash. There is no trading market available for the Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, our officers and directors have entered into agreements providing that each such person may not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent (as defined below), subject to certain exceptions, offer, issue, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of our securities for a period of 60 days following the date of closing of the Private Placement. Also, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we agreed not to effect or agree to effect any Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) until one year after the date of closing of the Private Placement.

Newbridge Securities Corporation (the “Placement Agent”) acted as placement agent in connection with the Private Placement, pursuant to that certain engagement letter, dated as of February 10, 2025, between us and the Placement Agent, pursuant to which we paid the Placement Agent (i) a cash fee equal to 7.25% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the Securities in the Private Placement and (ii) reimbursement for certain of out-of-pocket expenses, including for reasonable expenses and legal fees of $50,000. In addition, we issued to the Placement Agent or its designees warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 874,672 shares of Common Stock (7.0% of the Common Stock sold in the Private Placement). The Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the Warrants except the Placement Agent Warrants will have an exercise price equal to $1.40 per share (125% of the exercise price of the Warrants). The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable six months from the date of issuance and expire on the fourth anniversary of the issuance date.

Titan Partners Group, a division of American Capital Partners, acted as financial advisor to us and was paid a fee of $100,000.

Concurrent Direct Placement

Concurrently with the Private Placement, on March 20, 2025, we entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with a foreign investor (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which we completed a direct private placement of 260,417 Units for additional aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $0.5 million on the same terms as the Private Placement (the “Concurrent Direct Placement”). The Purchaser is reasonably believed to be a qualified institutional buyer pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The Concurrent Direct Placement closed on March 25, 2025.

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

We are registering the shares of our Common Stock in order to permit the Selling Stockholders to offer the Shares for resale from time to time. Except as otherwise described in the footnotes to the table below and for the ownership of the registered shares issued to the Selling Stockholders, neither the Selling Stockholders nor any of the persons that control them has had any material relationships with us or our affiliates within the past three years.

The table below lists the Selling Stockholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership (as determined under Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (and the rules and regulations thereunder) of the Shares of our Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders.

The second column lists the number of shares of our Common Stock beneficially owned by each Selling Stockholder before this Offering (including shares which the Selling Stockholders have the right to acquire within 60 days of April 25, 2025, including upon conversion of any convertible securities).

The third column lists the Shares of our Common Stock being offered by this prospectus by each Selling Stockholder.

The fourth and fifth columns list the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by each Selling Stockholder and their percentage ownership after the Offering (including shares which the Selling Stockholder has the right to acquire within 60 days, including upon conversion of any convertible securities), assuming the sale of all of the Shares offered by each Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus.  In the fifth column, the applicable percentage ownership of common stock beneficially owned is based on 53,706,704 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 25, 2025.

Under the terms of the Warrants, a Selling Stockholder may not exercise the Warrants to the extent such conversion or exercise would cause such Selling Stockholder, together with any other person with which the Selling Stockholder is considered to be part of a group under Section 13 of the Exchange Act or with which the Selling Stockholder otherwise files reports under Section 13 and/or 16 of the Exchange Act, to beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock which exceeds 9.99% of the Equity Interests of a class that is registered under the Exchange Act that is outstanding at such time. The number of shares in the third column does not reflect this limitation.

The amounts and information set forth below are based upon information provided to us by the Selling Stockholders as of April 25, 2025, except as otherwise noted below. The Selling Stockholders may sell all or some of the shares of Common Stock they are offering, and may sell, unless indicated otherwise in the footnotes below, shares of our Common Stock otherwise than pursuant to this prospectus. The tables below assume the Selling Stockholders sell all of the shares offered by them in offerings pursuant to this prospectus, and do not acquire any additional shares. We are unable to determine the exact number of shares that will actually be sold or when or if these sales will occur.

LEGAL MATTERS

Lucosky Brookman LLP will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby on behalf of Modular Medical, Inc.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Modular Medical, Inc. as of and for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and in this Registration Statement to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Farber Hass Hurley LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as indicated in their report with respect thereto, and are included herein in reliance upon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting in giving said report.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

Available Information

We file reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

Our website address is https://www.modular-medical.com. The information on our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Forms of the documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus modifies or replaces that statement.

We incorporate by reference our documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act” in this prospectus, between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus. We are not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof, whether specifically listed below or filed in the future, that are not deemed “filed” with the SEC, including any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of this Offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents) by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

Modular Medical, Inc.

10470 Thornmint Road

San Diego, California 92127

Attn Corporate Secretary

858-800-3500

Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following is an estimate of the expenses (all of which are to be paid by the registrant) that we may incur in connection with the securities being registered hereby.

*These fees are estimates.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and our Amended Bylaws provide that each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (including, without limitation, as a witness) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was one of our directors or officers or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, whether the basis of such action, suit or proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer or trustee or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer or trustee, shall be indemnified and held harmless by us to the fullest extent authorized by the Nevada Revised Statutes, or NRS, against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such.

NRS 78.7502 permits a corporation to indemnify any director or officer of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding brought by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, if such person (i) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 and (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful. In a derivative action (i.e., one brought by or on behalf of the corporation), indemnification may be provided only for expenses actually and reasonably incurred by any director or officer in connection with the defense or settlement of such an action or the suit if such person (i) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 and (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be provided if such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or some other court of competent jurisdiction determines that such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.

Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation provide that the liability of our directors and officers shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the NRS. NRS 78.138(7) provides that, subject to limited statutory exceptions and unless the articles of incorporation or an amendment thereto (in each case filed on or after October 1, 2003) provide for greater individual liability, a director or officer is not individually liable to a corporation or its shareholders or creditors for any damages as a result of any act or failure to act in his or her capacity as a director or officer unless it is proven that: (i) the act or failure to act constituted a breach of his or her fiduciary duties as a director or officer and (ii) the breach of those duties involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law.

The foregoing discussion of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, Amended Bylaws and Nevada law is not intended to be exhaustive and is qualified in its entirety by such Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws, indemnification agreements, indemnity agreement, or law.

Nevada Revised Statutes provide that a corporation may purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise for any liability asserted against him and liability and expenses incurred by him in his capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify him against such liability and expenses.

We have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and other persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director or officer in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or other person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

Item 16. Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits

A list of exhibits filed with this registration statement on Form S-3 is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

EXHIBIT INDEX

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, CA on April 25, 2025.

POWER OF ATTORNEY: KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints James E. Besser and Paul DiPerna, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution, for him, and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by the Registration Statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or his, her, or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done or by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated: